Hollow Cathode Lamp (HCL)
Hollow cathode lamps consist of single-element lamps and multi-element lamps. Single-element lamps are usually superior to multi-element lamps in absorption sensitivity and analytical line radiant intensity. Although multielement lamps offer the advantage of simultaneous determination of multiple elements, their cathode composition must be determined by taking the properties of the metals to combine fully into account. Because of that, fabricating cathodes from an optional combination of elements is not possible.
APPLICATIONS
- Atomic absorption spectrophotometers
- Atomic fluorescence spectrophotometers
- Multi-element analyzers
- Environmental analytical instruments
LINEUP OF HOLLOW CATHODE LAMPS – FOR CONVENTIONAL ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY
| Element | Atomic number |
Type No. (suffix) |
Analytical line (nm) |
Lamp current (mA) | |||
| Typ. | Max. | ||||||
| Ag | Silver | 47 | -47NB(AG) | 328.07 * | 338.28 | 10 | 20 |
| Al | Aluminium | 13 | -13NB(AL) | 309.27 * | 396.15 | 10 | 20 |
| As | Arsenic | 33 | -33NQ(AS) | 193.70 * | 197.20 | 10 | 12 |
| Au | Gold | 79 | -79NQ(AU) | 242.80 * | 267.59 | 10 | 16 |
| B | Boron | 5 | -5NQ(B) | 249.68 * | 249.77 | 10 | 20 |
| Ba | Barium | 56 | -56NB(BA) | 553.55 * | 10 | 20 | |
| Be | Beryllium | 4 | -4NQ(BE) | 234.86 * | 10 | 20 | |
| Bi | Bismuth | 83 | -83NQ(BI) | 223.06 * | 306.77 | 10 | 12 |
| Ca | Calcium | 20 | -20NU(CA) | 422.67 * | 10 | 18 | |
| Cd | Cadmium | 48 | -48NQ(CD) | 228.80 * | 5 | 12 | |
| Co | Cobalt | 27 | -27NU(CO) | 240.73 * | 346.5 | 10 | 20 |
| Cr | Chromium | 24 | -24NB(CR) | 357.87 * | 425.44 | 10 | 20 |
| Cs | Caesium | 55 | -55NB(CS) | 852.11 * | 10 | 20 | |
| Cu | Copper | 29 | -29NB(CU) | 324.75 * | 327.40 | 10 | 20 |
| Dy | Dysprosium | 66 | -66NB(DY) | 404.59 * | 421.17 | 15 | 15 |
| Er | Erbium | 68 | -68NB(ER) | 400.79 * | 415.11 | 15 | 15 |
| Eu | Europium | 63 | -63NB(EU) | 459.40 * | 462.72 | 15 | 15 |
| Fe | Iron | 26 | -26NU(FE) | 248.33 * | 371.99 | 10 | 20 |
| Ga | Gallium | 31 | -31NU(GA) | 287.42 | 294.36 * | 4 | 6 |
| Gd | Gadolinium | 64 | -64NB(GD) | 407.87 | 422.58 * | 12 | 12 |
| Ge | Germanium | 32 | -32NU(GE) | 265.16 * | 10 | 20 | |
| Hf | Hafnium | 72 | -72NU(HF) | 286.64 * | 307.29 | 20 | 25 |
| Hg | Mercury | 80 | -80NU(HG) | 253.65 * | 4 | 6 | |
| Ho | Holmium | 67 | -67NB(HO) | 410.38 * | 416.30 | 15 | 20 |
| In | Indium | 49 | -49NB(IN) | 303.94 * | 325.61 | 10 | 15 |
| Ir | Iridium | 77 | -77NQ(IR) | 208.88 * | 266.47 | 20 | 20 |
| K | Potassium | 19 | -19NB(K) | 766.49 * | 769.90 | 10 | 15 |
| La | Lanthanum | 57 | -57NB(LA) | 357.44 | 550.13 * | 10 | 20 |
| Li | Lithium | 3 | -3NB(LI) | 610.36 | 670.78 * | 10 | 20 |
| Lu | Lutetium | 71 | -71NB(LU) | 328.17 | 331.21 * | 15 | 15 |
| Mg | Magnesium | 12 | -12NU(MG) | 285.21 * | 10 | 18 | |
| Mn | Manganese | 25 | -25NU(MN) | 279.48 * | 403.08 | 10 | 20 |
| Mo | Molybdenum | 42 | -42NB(MO) | 313.26 * | 320.88 | 10 | 20 |
| Na | Sodium | 11 | -11NB(NA) | 589.00 * | 589.59 | 10 | 15 |
| Nb | Niobium | 41 | -41NB(NB) | 334.91 * | 405.89 | 20 | 30 |
| Nd | Neodymium | 60 | -60NB(ND) | 463.42 | 492.45 * | 15 | 15 |
| Ni | Nickel | 28 | -28NQ(NI) | 232.00 * | 341.48 | 10 | 20 |
| Os | Osmium | 76 | -76NU(OS) | 290.90 * | 305.86 | 15 | 15 |
| Pb | Lead | 82 | -82NQ(PB) | 217.00 * | 283.30 | 10 | 15 |
| Pd | Palladium | 46 | -46NQ(PD) | 244.79 * | 247.64 | 10 | 20 |
| Pr | Praseodymium | 59 | -59NB(PR) | 495.13 * | 513.34 | 15 | 15 |
| Pt | Platinum | 78 | -78NU(PT) | 265.95 * | 299.80 | 10 | 20 |
| Rb | Rubidium | 37 | -37NB(RB) | 780.02 * | 794.76 | 10 | 20 |
| Re | Rhenium | 75 | -75NB(RE) | 346.05 * | 346.47 | 20 | 25 |
| Rh | Rhodium | 45 | -45NB(RH) | 343.49 * | 10 | 20 | |
| Ru | Ruthenium | 44 | -44NB(RU) | 349.89 * | 20 | 25 | |
| Sb | Antimony | 51 | -51NQ(SB) | 217.58 * | 231.15 | 10 | 15 |
| Sc | Scandium | 21 | -21NB(SC) | 390.74 | 391.18 * | 10 | 15 |
| Se | Selenium | 34 | -34NQ(SE) | 196.03 * | 20 | 25 | |
| Si | Silicon | 14 | -14NU(SI) | 251.61 * | 288.16 | 10 | 20 |
| Sm | Samarium | 62 | -62NB(SM) | 429.67 * | 484.17 | 15 | 20 |
| Sn | Tin | 50 | -50NQ(SN) | 224.61 * | 286.33 | 20 | 20 |
| Sr | Strontium | 38 | -38NB(SR) | 460.73 * | 10 | 20 | |
| Ta | Tantalum | 73 | -73NU(TA) | 271.47 * | 275.83 | 10 | 20 |
| Tb | Terbium | 65 | -65NB(TB) | 431.88 | 432.64 * | 15 | 15 |
| Te | Tellurium | 52 | -52NQ(TE) | 214.27 * | 10 | 15 | |
| Ti | Titanium | 22 | -22NB(TI) | 364.27 * | 365.35 | 10 | 20 |
| Tl | Thallium | 81 | -81NU(TL) | 276.78 * | 377.57 | 7 | 10 |
| Tm | Thulium | 69 | -69NB(TM) | 371.79 * | 410.58 | 10 | 15 |
| V | Vanadium | 23 | -23NB(V) | 306.64 | 318.40 * | 10 | 20 |
| W | Tungsten | 74 | -74NU(W) | 255.14 * | 400.87 | 10 | 25 |
| Y | Yttrium | 39 | -39NB(Y) | 410.23 * | 412.83 | 15 | 15 |
| Yb | Ytterbium | 70 | -70NB(YB) | 346.43 | 398.79 * | 10 | 10 |
| Zn | Zinc | 30 | -30NQ(ZN) | 213.86 * | 307.59 | 7 | 15 |
| Zr | Zirconium | 40 | -40NB(ZR) | 360.12 * | 468.78 | 20 | 20 |
| D2 | Hydrogen | 1 | -1DQ(D2) | 240.00 | (peak value) | 30 | 35 |